TYPES OF DESIGNS
2.1 The design can be classified in many ways. On the basis of knowledge, skill and creativity required in the designing process, the designs are broadly classified into three types
(i) Adaptive Design (W 95, 97, 98 ‘00)
(ii) Variant Design (S 97, 99)
(iii) Original Design
(i) Adaptive Design In most design situations the designer’s job is to make a slight modification of the existing design। These are called adaptive designs. This type of design needs no special knowledge or skill. E.g. converting mechanical watches into a new shape.
(ii) Variant Design This type of design demands considerable scientific training and design ability, in order to modify the existing designs into a new idea, by adopting a new material or a different method of manufacture. In this case, though the designer starts from the existing designs, the final product may be entirely different from the original product.
E।g. converting mechanical watches into quartz watches. Here a new technology is adopted.
(iii) Original Design
Here the designer designs something that did not exist previously। Thus, it is also called new design or innovative design. For making original designs, a lot of research work, knowledge and creativity are essential. A company thinks of new design when there is a new technology available or when there is enough market push. Since this type of design demands maximum creativity from the part of the designer, these are also called creative designs.
2.2 On the basis of the nature of design problem, design may be classified as(a) Selection design
(b) Configuration design
(c) Parametric design
(d) Original design
(e) Re-design
(a) Selection Design.
It involves choosing one or more items from a list of similar items. We do this by using catalogues.
Eg. -Selection of a bearing from a bearing catalogue
-Selection of a fan for cooling equipment
-Selecting a shaft।
(b) Configuration / Layout / Packaging Design (W 97, S'02)In this type of problem, all the components have been designed and the problem is how to assemble them into the completed product. This type of design is similar to arranging furniture in a living room.
Consider the packing of electronic components in a laptop computer. A laptop computer has a keyboard, power supply, a main circuit board, a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive and room for two extension boards. Each component is of known design and has certain constraints on its position. For example, the extension slots must be adjacent to the main circuit board and the keyboard must be in front of the machine.
The different components are shown above. The designer’s aim is to find, how to fit all the components in a case? Where do we put what? One method for solving such problems is to – select a component randomly from the list and position it in the case so that all the constraints on that component are met.
Let's take keyboard first. It is placed in the front. Then we select and place a second component. This procedure is continued until we reach a conflict, or all the components are in the case. If a conflict arises, we back up and try again. Two potential configurations are shown above.
2.1 The design can be classified in many ways. On the basis of knowledge, skill and creativity required in the designing process, the designs are broadly classified into three types
(i) Adaptive Design (W 95, 97, 98 ‘00)
(ii) Variant Design (S 97, 99)
(iii) Original Design
(i) Adaptive Design In most design situations the designer’s job is to make a slight modification of the existing design। These are called adaptive designs. This type of design needs no special knowledge or skill. E.g. converting mechanical watches into a new shape.
(ii) Variant Design This type of design demands considerable scientific training and design ability, in order to modify the existing designs into a new idea, by adopting a new material or a different method of manufacture. In this case, though the designer starts from the existing designs, the final product may be entirely different from the original product.
E।g. converting mechanical watches into quartz watches. Here a new technology is adopted.
(iii) Original Design
Here the designer designs something that did not exist previously। Thus, it is also called new design or innovative design. For making original designs, a lot of research work, knowledge and creativity are essential. A company thinks of new design when there is a new technology available or when there is enough market push. Since this type of design demands maximum creativity from the part of the designer, these are also called creative designs.
2.2 On the basis of the nature of design problem, design may be classified as(a) Selection design
(b) Configuration design
(c) Parametric design
(d) Original design
(e) Re-design
(a) Selection Design.
It involves choosing one or more items from a list of similar items. We do this by using catalogues.
Eg. -Selection of a bearing from a bearing catalogue
-Selection of a fan for cooling equipment
-Selecting a shaft।
(b) Configuration / Layout / Packaging Design (W 97, S'02)In this type of problem, all the components have been designed and the problem is how to assemble them into the completed product. This type of design is similar to arranging furniture in a living room.
Consider the packing of electronic components in a laptop computer. A laptop computer has a keyboard, power supply, a main circuit board, a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive and room for two extension boards. Each component is of known design and has certain constraints on its position. For example, the extension slots must be adjacent to the main circuit board and the keyboard must be in front of the machine.
The different components are shown above. The designer’s aim is to find, how to fit all the components in a case? Where do we put what? One method for solving such problems is to – select a component randomly from the list and position it in the case so that all the constraints on that component are met.
Let's take keyboard first. It is placed in the front. Then we select and place a second component. This procedure is continued until we reach a conflict, or all the components are in the case. If a conflict arises, we back up and try again. Two potential configurations are shown above.